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英语 · 精讲

英语语法

看讲解、记口诀，先用页内巩固题试一试。点「练本章」进入挑战题库，答错的题会收进本章错题本。

第 08 章

句型变换

否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

肯定句变否定句

句子里有 be 动词，就在它后面加 not；只有实义动词时，请助动词 do/does/did 帮忙加 not，动词还原成原形。

必须掌握

  • 有 be 动词：She is happy. 变 She is not happy.
  • 一般现在时主语三单用 doesn't + 动词原形：He likes fish. 变 He doesn't like fish.
  • 主语非三单用 don't：They play chess. 变 They don't play chess.
  • 过去时用 didn't + 动词原形：I went home. 变 I didn't go home.

句型公式主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't + 动词原形

句子类型加什么例子
有 be 动词be + notIt is not mine.
一般现在时非三单don't + 原形They don't play chess.
一般现在时三单doesn't + 原形He doesn't like fish.
一般过去时didn't + 原形I didn't go home.
例题 · She watches TV every day. 变否定句。
  1. watches 是三单形式。
  2. 变否定句用 doesn't，watches 还原成 watch。

答案She doesn't watch TV every day.

✗ 易错He doesn't likes fish.——doesn't 后面还留着三单。

✓ 正确doesn't 后面动词用原形：He doesn't like fish.

练一练 · Tom did his homework last night. 变否定句：Tom ___ his homework last night.

来源：🔗 British Council：语法练习（外链需联网）

一般疑问句

能用 Yes/No 回答的问题叫一般疑问句。有 be 动词就把 be 提前；只有实义动词就把 Do/Does/Did 提到句首，动词用原形。

必须掌握

  • 有 be 动词：Is he your brother? Are they at home?
  • 一般现在时：Do you like cats? 三单用 Does：Does she swim well?（swim 用原形）
  • 过去时用 Did：Did you finish it?
  • 回答要呼应问句：Yes, I do. No, she does not. Yes, they are.

句型公式Be/Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形（+ 其他）?

例题 · She likes music. 变一般疑问句。
  1. likes 是三单形式。
  2. 把 Does 放句首，likes 还原成 like，句末用问号。

答案Does she like music?

✗ 易错Does she likes…——Does 和三单重复了。

✓ 正确Does 已经承担了三单标记，动词用原形：Does she like…?

练一练 · ___ they play football every day? 填什么？

来源：🔗 剑桥词典（外链需联网）

特殊疑问句

用疑问词开头的问句叫特殊疑问句，不能用 Yes/No 回答，要给出具体信息。

必须掌握

  • 结构：疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序：Where do you live? What does she want?
  • 问主语时用陈述语序：Who sings best?（谁唱得最好）
  • 常用疑问词：what, who, where, when, why, how, whose。
  • 回答要针对疑问词：问 where 答地点，问 when 答时间。

句型公式疑问词 + 一般疑问句（+ 其他）?

例题 · They go to school by bike. 就 by bike（方式）提问。
  1. by bike 是交通方式，用 How 提问。
  2. 后面按一般疑问句语序：do they go…

答案How do they go to school?

✗ 易错特殊疑问句也用 Yes/No 回答。

✓ 正确特殊疑问句要给出具体信息：问地点答地点，问时间答时间。

练一练 · ___ does the library open? — At eight. 填什么？

来源：🔗 British Council：语法练习（外链需联网）

祈使句和感叹句

祈使句用动词原形开头，表示请求、命令或建议；感叹句用 What 或 How 开头，表达强烈感情，句末用感叹号。

必须掌握

  • 祈使句省略主语 you：Stand up. Please be quiet. 否定用 Don't：Don't run in the hallways.
  • What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词：What a lovely day! What beautiful flowers!（复数不加 a）
  • How + 形容词或副词：How clever you are! How fast he runs!
  • 两种感叹句常可以互换：What a lovely day! 意思接近 How lovely the day is!
句型结构例句
祈使句动词原形开头Please sit down.
否定祈使句Don't + 原形Don't be late.
What 感叹句What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词What a nice gift!
How 感叹句How + 形容词How nice it is!
例题 · 把 How cold the water is! 换成 What 开头的感叹句。
  1. water 是不可数名词，What 后面不加 a。
  2. 结构：What + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓。

答案What cold water it is!

✗ 易错Don't 后面接三单或过去式。

✓ 正确Don't 后面用动词原形：Don't run. Don't be late.

练一练 · 下面哪句是感叹句？

来源：🔗 British Council：语法练习（外链需联网）