72Hf
过渡金属
铪 Hf
Hafnium
物态与数值
- 物态
- 固态
- 周期／族
- 6／4
- 相对原子质量
- 178.492 （不是质量数）
- 原始密度
- 13.31 g/cm3
- 归一化密度
- 13.31 g/cm³
- 来源熔点字段
- 2506.0 K（部分来源实际为三相点，教学前需核对条件）
- 来源沸点字段
- 4876.0 K
部分超重元素属性为预测值，不能当作已审实验值。氢原始气体密度单位与归一化单位不同，均保留展示。
英文来源解释
中文翻译待补。
Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).
出处、中文名称与原始字段
- 来源位置
- multisubject/elements/raw/PeriodicTableJSON.json#/elements/71
- 原记录摘要
- 05e478cb1192c5bbfad8d9600fd3b4c7902c0966ad5d0408bfcc4d5092424c0d
- boil
- 4876
- melt
- 2506
- name
- Hafnium
- xpos
- 4
- ypos
- 6
- block
- d
- group
- 4
- image
- {'url': 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Hafnium_%2872_Hf%29.jpg', 'title': 'Electrolytic Hafnium, 22 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 2 x 3', 'attribution': 'Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hafnium.php'}
- phase
- Solid
- wxpos
- 18
- wypos
- 6
- number
- 72
- period
- 6
- shells
- [2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2]
- source
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium
- symbol
- Hf
- cpk-hex
- 4dc2ff
- density
- 13.31
- summary
- Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).
- category
- transition metal
- named_by
- 未知
- appearance
- steel gray
- molar_heat
- 25.73
- atomic_mass
- 178.492
- atomic_radii
- {'metallic': [159], 'empirical': [155], 'calculated': [208], 'van_der_waals': None, 'covalent_single': [152], 'covalent_triple': [122]}
- density_unit
- g/cm3
- spectral_img
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png
- bohr_model_3d
- https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_072_hafnium/element_072_hafnium.glb
- density_g_cm3
- 13.31
- discovered_by
- Dirk Coster
- bohr_model_image
- https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_072_hafnium/element_072_hafnium_srp_th.png
- electron_affinity
- 17.18
- ionization_energies
- [658.5, 1440, 2250, 3216]
- electron_configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2
- electronegativity_pauling
- 1.3
- electron_configuration_semantic
- [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2