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先天

xian1 tian1

• embryonic period (contrasted with 後天|后天[hou4 tian1])
• inborn; innate; natural

先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐

繁体：先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂

xian1 tian1 xia4 zhi1 you1 er2 you1 , hou4 tian1 xia4 zhi1 le4 er2 le4

• to be the first to worry about affairs of state, and the last to enjoy oneself (quotation from the essay On Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓記|岳阳楼记[Yue4 yang2 Lou2 Ji4] by Song writer Fan Zhong...

先天不足

xian1 tian1 bu4 zu2

• to suffer from a congenital deficiency; to have an inherent weakness

先天不足，后天失调

繁体：先天不足，後天失調

xian1 tian1 bu4 zu2 , hou4 tian1 shi1 tiao2

• to be born with a weak constitution and suffer from ill health during one's life
• (fig.) to be problematic from the start, and get even worse over time

先天性

xian1 tian1 xing4

• congenital; intrinsic; innate

先天性缺陷

xian1 tian1 xing4 que1 xian4

• birth defect

先天愚型

xian1 tian1 yu2 xing2

• (old) Down syndrome; trisomy 21

先天与后天

繁体：先天與後天

xian1 tian1 yu3 hou4 tian1

• nature versus nurture